The IJMB 2025 Biology Paper I Questions and Answers Expo Runz are now available for the IJMBE Examination 2024/2025 Academic Session.
This page shall provide the 2025 IJMB Biology Paper I Questions and answers and Expo Runz for the 2024/2025 Academic session.
IJMB 2025 Biology Paper I Questions and Answers PDF Download
The IJMB 2025 Biology Paper I Questions and Answers are now available at Examcode.net.
At Examcode, we provide only standard unique questions and answers that meet the examination marking scheme.
Candidates sitting for the IJMB examination can reach out to us to subscribe and be added to the VIP where all IJMB specimens, questions and answers will be delivered before the examination time.
IJMB 2025 Biology Paper I Expo Runz PDF
The IJMB 2025 Biology Paper I Expo Runz answers are fully available for easy access in PDF format.
This grants candidates the opportunity to access the IJMB Expo Runz Full questions and answers directly in our IJMB VIP Group.
In addition, candidates who participate in our IJMB VIP Group are assured of a minimum of 13 points in the IJMB VIP Group.
This is due to the measures we take in the proper delivery of the IJMB Biology Paper I answers to ensure that our candidates pass their examinations in one sitting.
IJMB Biology Paper I Questions and Answers
===========================
Number One
(1a)
(1bi)
Continuous Variables: A continuous variable is a type of quantitative (numerical) variable that can take on an infinite number of values within a given range. These values are measurable, not countable, and can include decimal or fractional values.
Continuous variables can take any value within a specified range. They are typically the result of measurement rather than counting. This means that between any two values, there are always possible intermediate values, no matter how small the difference.
=CHARACTERISTICS=
(i) Infinite possibilities within a range.
(ii) Can take decimal and fractional values.
(iii) Usually measured, not counted.
(iv) Represented using scales like time, temperature, distance, etc.
=EXAMPLES=
(i) Height of students in a class (e.g., 170.2 cm, 172.5 cm)
(ii) Weight of a person (e.g., 60.5 kg, 75.0 kg)
(iii) Time taken to complete a race (e.g., 9.58 seconds)
(iv) Temperature of a location (e.g., 36.6°C)
=Comparison with Discrete Variables=
(i) Continuous: Infinite possibilities (e.g., 1.1, 1.11, 1.111…)
(ii) Discrete: Fixed, countable values (e.g., number of students = 20)
(1bii)
Methods of Data Collection: Data collection refers to the process of gathering information or facts to be used for statistical analysis. The method used depends on the nature of the data needed, the population under study, and the resources available.
=MAJOR METHODS=
(a) Observation:
(i) Data is collected by watching and recording behavior or events.
(ii) Used in natural settings.
(iii) Useful in behavioral studies or where subjects cannot be directly questioned.
(iv) Example: Watching how many customers enter a shop hourly.
(b) Interview:
(i) Data is obtained through direct verbal interaction.
(ii) Can be structured (fixed questions), semi-structured, or unstructured.
(iii) Provides detailed, in-depth information.
(iv) Example: A health worker interviewing patients about symptoms.
(c) Questionnaire:
(i) A set of written questions distributed to respondents.
(ii) Can be open-ended or closed-ended.
(iii) Suitable for collecting data from large groups.
(iv) Example: A company survey on employee satisfaction.
(d) Experiments:
(i) Data is collected under controlled scientific conditions.
(ii) Useful in testing hypotheses.
(iii) Example: Measuring plant growth with and without fertilizer.
(e) Documentary or Record Review:
(i) Uses already existing data or records.
(ii) Cost-effective and time-saving.
(iii) Example: Analyzing school exam results over the past five years.
(f) Focus Group Discussion:
(i) A small group discussion to gather opinions and insights.
(ii) Common in qualitative research.
(iii) Example: Discussing consumer views on a new product.
=Factors to Consider When Choosing a Method=
(i) Nature of the research
(ii) Cost and time
(iii) Target population
(iv) Accuracy and reliability required
(1biii)
Pie Chart: A pie chart is a circular statistical diagram divided into sectors (slices), each representing a proportion of the whole dataset. The entire pie represents 100% of the data.
Pie charts are used to visually compare parts of a whole. Each sector’s angle or size corresponds to the relative frequency or percentage of a category in the dataset. This helps in easily identifying which category dominates or contributes less to the total.
=FEATURES=
(i) The chart is circular (360 degrees).
(i) Each category’s percentage is represented by a slice.
(iii) All slices together add up to 100% or 360°.
(iv) Usually labeled with category names and percentages.
=How to Construct a Pie Chart=
(i) Convert each data value to a percentage of the total.
(ii) Multiply each percentage by 360° to get the angle.
(iii) Draw a circle and mark angles using a protractor.
(iv) Shade or color each slice differently and label it.
Example: If a class has students distributed by a favorite subject:
Math: 10 students
English: 15 students
Science: 5 students
Total = 30 students
Math = (10/30) × 360° = 120°
English = (15/30) × 360° = 180°
Science = (5/30) × 360° = 60°
=ADVANTAGES=
(i) Easy to understand at a glance.
(ii) Visually appealing for showing proportions.
=DISADVANTAGES=
(i) Not ideal for large numbers of categories.
(ii) Difficult to compare slices with similar sizes.
===========================
Number Two
(2i)
The seedless vascular plants are generally referred to as pteridophytes.
(2ii)
A plastid that stores starch is called amyloplast.
(2iii)
The arrangement of the calyx and corolla in the floral bud is known as aestivation.
(2iv)
Isogamy refers to the type of reproduction in algae in which the male and female gametes are morphologically identical.
(2v)
The spores produced in ascomycotina are called ascospores.
(2vi)
Rod shaped bacteria are called bacilli.
(2vii)
The structure responsible for the absorption of water and nutrients in bryophytes is called rhizoids.
(2viii)
The extinct class of the pteridophyta is called psilopsida.
(2ix)
Organisms lacking membrane bound organelles in their cells are referred to as prokaryotes.
(2x)
The entire mass of hyphae in fungi is termed mycelium.
===========================
Number Three
(3i)
Synecology: Synecology is the branch of ecology that deals with the study of groups of different species of organisms that live together in a community and interact with one another and their environment. It focuses on understanding how species coexist, compete, and cooperate within a habitat, and how environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and light affect community structure and composition.
(3ii)
Halophytes: Halophytes are plants that are adapted to grow in soils or waters with high salt concentrations, such as in coastal marshes, salt flats, and mangrove swamps. These plants have special adaptations like salt glands for excreting excess salt, succulent leaves for water storage, and deep root systems to access freshwater. They play a significant role in stabilizing saline environments and preventing soil erosion.
(3iii)
Biological control: Biological control is the method of controlling pests, diseases, and weeds using other living organisms such as predators, parasites, or pathogens. This technique is an environmentally friendly alternative to chemical pesticides and aims to maintain pest populations at manageable levels. For example, introducing ladybirds to control aphid populations in agriculture is a form of biological control.
(3iv)
Pollution: Pollution is the introduction of harmful substances or energy into the environment in quantities that cause adverse effects on living organisms and natural systems. It can occur in various forms, including air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, and noise pollution. Common pollutants include industrial waste, vehicle emissions, plastic, and toxic chemicals, which degrade the quality of air, water, and land.
===========================
Number Four
(4a)
(4b)
=TYPES OF LICHENS=
(i) Crustose lichens: These form thin, flat crusts that are tightly attached to surfaces like rocks, tree bark, or soil. They cannot be removed without damaging the surface.
(ii) Foliose lichens: These have a leaf-like structure and are loosely attached to the substrate. They have distinct upper and lower surfaces and can be easily separated from the surface.
(iii) Fruticose lichens: These are shrubby or hair-like lichens that grow upright or hang down. They are often branched and attached at a single point.
=RANGE FORMS OF LICHENS=
(i) Leprose form: Powdery lichens made of loose granules without a distinct structure. They lack a well-organized thallus and are often found in shaded or moist environments.
(ii) Squamulose form: Consist of small, scale-like lobes that may overlap. They are intermediate between crustose and foliose forms.
(iii) Filamentous form: These are thread-like and composed of fine, filamentous strands. They often occur in humid or aquatic habitats.
(iv) Gelatinous form: These lichens swell and become jelly-like when wet. They are common in areas with high moisture and often contain cyanobacteria as the photosynthetic partner.
===========================
Number Five
(5a)
Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of glucose (a type of sugar). This process occurs mainly in the chloroplasts of plant cells, which contain the green pigment chlorophyll.
(5b)
Vascular tissues in plants are specialized tissues that transport water, minerals, and nutrients throughout the plant. They form the vascular system, which is made up of two main types of tissues:
(i) Xylem: Responsible for transporting water and dissolved minerals from the roots to other parts of the plant. It also provides structural support. Xylem vessels are typically dead and hollow, allowing for efficient water flow.
(ii) Phloem: Transports the products of photosynthesis (mainly sugars) from the leaves to other parts of the plant where they are needed or stored. Phloem cells are living and include sieve tubes and companion cells.
===========================
Number Six
(6a)
Angiosperms: Angiosperms, also known as flowering plants, are the largest and most diverse group of plants in the plant kingdom. They are characterized by the presence of true flowers and seeds enclosed within a fruit. Angiosperms have well-developed vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) for the transport of water, minerals, and nutrients. They exhibit double fertilization, a unique reproductive process where one sperm fertilizes the egg to form a zygote, while the other fuses with two polar nuclei to form the endosperm. Angiosperms are classified into two main groups: monocotyledons (monocots) and dicotyledons (dicots), based on the number of seed leaves (cotyledons) in the embryo.
(6b)
Alternation of Generation: Alternation of generation is a biological process in which plants alternate between two multicellular stages in their life cycle: the haploid gametophyte and the diploid sporophyte. The gametophyte produces gametes (sperm and egg cells) through mitosis, which fuse during fertilization to form a diploid zygote. This zygote develops into the sporophyte, which then produces haploid spores through meiosis. These spores grow into new gametophytes, completing the cycle. This alternation ensures genetic variation and is found in all plants, though the dominant stage varies among plant groups, for example, the gametophyte is dominant in bryophytes, while the sporophyte is dominant in ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.
===========================
COMPLETED.
About IJMB
The Interim Joint Matriculation Board (IJMB) is a direct entry programme that allows students to gain admission into 200 level in Nigerian universities without JAMB. It was introduced by Ahmadu Bello University and has become a trusted alternative for students seeking a smoother path into higher education.
Each year, thousands of students register for the programme and prepare for the final examinations. To succeed, many now rely on 2025 IJMB questions and answers as part of their study plan. These materials help students understand likely questions and improve their exam strategies.
Moreover, using 2025 IJMB questions and answers gives students a clear advantage. They can practice ahead, focus on key topics, and manage their time more effectively. As the exams approach, proper preparation remains the key to securing admission through IJMB.